A political storm has erupted after images emerged showing Australian Army personnel learning how to make traditional Aboriginal weapons as part of a cultural training exercise.

The controversy has triggered a fierce exchange between One Nation leader Pauline Hanson and the federal government, with both sides offering dramatically different views on what Australia’s military should be focusing on.

At the centre of the debate is a Defence initiative known as Exercise Greenskin.

The four-day program brought together soldiers from across the ACT and introduced them to aspects of Aboriginal culture, history and traditional skills, including the making of Indigenous weapons such as spears and hardwood clubs.

For supporters, it was an opportunity to strengthen cultural understanding.

For critics, it represented a distraction from the Army’s core mission.

The Department of Defence shared photographs from the exercise showing soldiers participating in workshops involving traditional Aboriginal tools and weapons.

According to Defence, the program formed part of a broader effort to connect personnel with Indigenous history, local traditions and military heritage.

Approximately 60 personnel participated in the latest exercise, which also included cultural tours and historical education activities.

The images quickly attracted attention online.

Soon after they were published, Pauline Hanson launched a public attack on the initiative.

The One Nation leader argued that Defence had lost focus on the challenges facing Australia’s military.

She questioned why soldiers were learning to make spears and clubs when modern warfare increasingly revolves around drones, missiles, cyber capabilities and advanced weapons systems.

Hanson said Australians expected Defence personnel to be preparing for contemporary threats rather than participating in what she described as a politically driven cultural exercise.

Her comments quickly resonated with supporters who have become increasingly critical of what they see as “woke” programs across government institutions.

The criticism did not stop there.

Hanson suggested the exercise highlighted misplaced priorities within Defence leadership and questioned whether resources were being directed toward the areas most relevant to Australia’s national security challenges.

She argued that military readiness should remain the primary focus of the armed forces.

The federal government responded swiftly.

Defence Minister Richard Marles strongly rejected Hanson’s criticism and accused her of showing disrespect toward serving members of the Australian Defence Force.

Marles argued that the soldiers involved were undertaking legitimate Defence-approved activities and that cultural awareness programs do not prevent personnel from carrying out combat training or operational duties.

He also accused Hanson of attempting to drag Defence personnel into a broader political culture war.

According to Marles, members of the ADF deserve support rather than becoming targets in partisan political debates.

Defence officials involved in the exercise have defended its purpose.

Major Samuel White, who oversaw the activity, explained that the program was designed to help soldiers better understand Aboriginal history and the cultural background connected to their units and local communities.

He said one of the most rewarding aspects was seeing both Indigenous and non-Indigenous service members engage with cultural traditions together.

Supporters of the program argue that modern military organisations routinely include cultural education alongside combat training.

They note that military personnel often operate in diverse communities and increasingly require broader social and cultural awareness in addition to battlefield skills.

From this perspective, programs such as Exercise Greenskin are intended to strengthen understanding rather than replace military training.

Critics remain unconvinced.

They argue that Australia faces an increasingly uncertain strategic environment and that Defence should be concentrating on recruitment, retention, advanced technology, force readiness and deterrence.

For them, the images of soldiers crafting traditional weapons symbolise a military institution focusing on the wrong priorities at the wrong time.

The disagreement reflects a much larger debate taking place across Australia.

Questions about diversity programs, cultural initiatives and institutional priorities have become increasingly political.

Supporters see such programs as important for inclusion and understanding.

Opponents often view them as unnecessary distractions from core responsibilities.

The Army’s Indigenous weapons exercise has now become the latest example in that wider national argument.

As a result, what began as a relatively small cultural training activity has evolved into a major political controversy involving Defence, national identity and the future direction of Australia’s military.

Neither side appears likely to back down.

For Hanson, the issue is about military preparedness.

For Defence, it is about recognising Indigenous history while maintaining a professional fighting force.

The debate now leaves Australians to decide whether the two goals can comfortably coexist or whether the military should be focusing on something entirely different.